Wednesday, October 30, 2019

King Philip II of Spain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

King Philip II of Spain - Essay Example Unlike his father Philip II was not interested in war and avoided wars and paid less attention to enhancing his own greatness than to deter that of others. King Philip II usually followed the opinion of others. King Philip II considered that Spaniards superior to the nation. He believed that he lived among the Spaniards and he should consult them and they should direct his policies. He considered the Spaniards above all the others that he ruled, that is, the Flemish, the Italians and the Germans. He would give them positions only in the military, in the hope that he could prevent his enemies from using them. Born in 1527 Phillip II became the king of Spain in 1556, he died in 1598. He governed Spain in her Golden Age. However during his rule Spain went through an economic crunch. Spain's bankruptcy continued for a decade from 1588 to 1598. Inclusive of the disaster of the Spanish Armada. Philip II had a good taste for music and art and considered him self a traditional Spanish man. He also loved collecting master pieces and his collection was at his palace outside Madrid which was called Escorial. Philip II was an educated man but however he was weak at languages but good at Politics and History. He also collected art works and rare books. He was a very religious man and his rooms at his palace were Spartan which contained very less furniture. Philip II was married four times to Maria Manuela of Portugal, Mary Tudor of England, Elizabeth of Valois and Anne of Austria respectively. Philip had a major problem of not trusting his own judgments and also relied on the advice of others. He al so mistrusted the advice of his advisors. Due to this any issues took a very long time to be decided upon. It is believed he had a persistent lack of self confidence. "Your majesty spends so long considering your undertakings that when the moment to perform them comes the occasion has passed and the money has been spent"(Maran, 1954, p. 17). Long term policies could be cultured to achieve long term results as a result of him taking time to make important decisions. He wanted to 'Castilise' Spain which resulted in the most important government positions going to Castilians. Philip strongly believed that the right of the kings was divine and believed that kings were appointed by god and he as a king was also appointed by god so he could never makes any mistakes as god could not make mistakes. King Philip II settled down in the Netherlands during the early years of his reign. In 1559 he returned to the peninsula and never left the peninsula again. King Philip II was a native Spanish speaker and he decided to rule from Spain rather than travel around to his different states. Though, King Philip II was sometimes described as a monarch, he faced many constitutional limitations on his power. Spain was considered a coalition of many separate territories. It wasn't a single monarchy with one legal system. Precedence was usually taken over King Philip's authority by the local assemblies. The word of the local Lords was considered more effective than the King's own word. He also struggled with the issue of the Morisco population in Spain, who were forced to convert to Christianity by his ancestors. When the Morico Revolt broke out in 1568 in response to the attempts to restrain Moorish customs, King Philip ordered the distribution of Moricos onto other states after their

Monday, October 28, 2019

Indian Removal Act Essay Example for Free

Indian Removal Act Essay Known as having adopted an Indian child as his son, Andrew Jackson was quite fond of the Indian race; however, with pressure to expand westward, he needed to transfer the Indians farther west and soon became their worst enemy. Andrew Jackson’s Indian Policy was to move the Indians westward as peacefully as possible, for the tribes that stayed in the East Coast were annihilated. Also, moving them West will help them live longer, and there is a fair exchange for the tribes moving. Another important component is the gain of Western lands and the addition of American power; this will add on to America’s size and increase America’s authority. Jackson validates his actions by saying he will pay for the land the Indians inhabit, pay for their long journey West, also known as the Trail of Tears, and support them a little while their settling in. President Jackson also said if they move west, they will enjoy sovereignty forever. Jackson made the point that with the Indians gone there will be less conflict between them and state governments, it will allow for prosperous populations and cities to flourish, and the free land will add another line of defense for America. President Jackson’s attitude toward the Indians in his speech reveals that he wants the Indians gone so America can gain land and grow stronger. He uses words like â€Å"Red Men† and â€Å"Savages† to describe them, so they seem like outcasts. He makes it sounds like the Indians are a nuisance and if they move, they will prosper as a people. Jackson says, â€Å"†¦perhaps cause them gradually†¦to cast off their savage habits and become an interesting, civilized, and Christian community.† Overall, Jackson wants the Indians gone for his own benefit. He refers to them as uncivilized, uninteresting, and having savage habits, and was proving that he is just looking for a gain for his country, not the native people who have lived there forever.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Creationism vs. Evolution Essay examples -- Religion Science Religious

Creationism vs. Evolution This paper will focus on the huge controversy between Creationism and Evolution. I will provide two opposing viewpoints on this subject. First, the discussion will focus on the question of why many people believe that God created the universe and all living things. On the other end of the spectrum, scientific information will be presented that substantiates the evidence against the existence of God. This creationism counter-argument known as evolution has its roots in our contemporary understanding of a progressive process of natural evolution. This process shaped the nature of all living things beginning with single-cell organisms and ending with highly complex creatures such as humanoids. There are two possibilities in relation to the origin of life: Either a supernatural being (God) created life or all life evolved on its own. Many people, who are known as creationists believe that God created the earth and all the creatures in it. Then there are those who believe in evolution, which is supported by a plethora of facts and theories. Darwin is the most famous person associated with the theory of evolution. He suggested that humans had evolved, over a long period of time, from lower primates. He is also famous for the concept that coined the phrase â€Å"survival of the fittest.† Darwin’s evolutionary theory of life on earth argues that present day creatures that roam the earth are the outcome of billions of years in adaptations to constantly changing environments. Evolution is the idea that while organisms exhibit certain traits, they are not fixed and are able to be altered through progressive adaptation. Adaptation occurs through the passing of traits from an organism pa... ...al: The Case for Evolution. New York: Pantheon Books, 1982. Godfrey, Laurie, ed. Scientists Confront Creationism. New York: W.W. Norton, 1983. Science and creationism. (1999). Retrieved December 1, 2001 from the World Wide Web. http://books.nap.edu/html/creationism/human.html Spetner, Lee. Not by Chance! Shattering the Modern Theory of Evolution. Brooklyn, New York: Judaica Press 1997. Young world. (1996). Retrieved December 1, 2001 from the World Wide Web. http://www.christiananswers.net/q-aig/aig-c012.html Zondervan publishing house. Holy bible: New international version. (1986). Grand Rapids, Michigan. Zondervan publishing house. Holy bible: New international version. (1986). Grand Rapids, Michagan. (Genesis 1:26). Zondervan publishing house. Holy bible: New international version. (1986). Grand Rapids, Michagan. (Psalms 19:1-3)

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Carl Rogers Essay

Carl Rogers Carl Rogers Carl Ransom Rogers (January 8, 1902 – February 4, 1987) was an influential American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology. Rogers is widely considered to be one of the founding fathers of psychotherapy research and was honored for his pioneering research with the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions by the American Psychological Association in 1956. The person-centered approach, his own unique approach to understanding personality and human relationships, found wide application in various domains such as psychotherapy and counseling (client-centered therapy), education (student-centered learning), organizations, and other group settings. For his professional work he was bestowed the Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Psychology by the APA in 1972. Towards the end of his life Carl Rogers was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with national intergroup conflict in South Africa and Northern Ireland. In an empirical study by Haggbloom et al. (2002) using six criteria such as citations and recognition, Rogers was found to be the sixth most eminent psychologist of the 20th century and second, among clinicians, only to Sigmund Freud. The fully functioning person Optimal development, referred to below in proposition 14, results in a certain process rather than static state. Rogers describes this as the good life, where the organism continually aims to fulfill its full potential. He listed the characteristics of a fully functioning person (Rogers 1961): 1. A growing openness to experience – they move away from defensiveness and have no need for subception (a perceptual defense that involves unconsciously applying strategies to prevent a troubling stimulus from entering consciousness). 2. An increasingly existential lifestyle – living each moment fully – not distorting the moment to fit personality or self concept but allowing personality and self concept to emanate from the experience. This results in excitement, daring, adaptability, tolerance, spontaneity, nd a lack of rigidity and suggests a foundation of trust. â€Å"To open one’s spirit to what is going on now, and discover in that present process whatever structure it appears to have† (Rogers 1961) 3. Increasing organismic trust – they trust their own judgment and their ability to choose behavior that is appropriate for each moment. They do not rely on existing codes and social norms but trust that as they are open to experiences they wil l be able to trust their own sense of right and wrong. 4. Freedom of choice – not being shackled by the restrictions that influence an incongruent individual, they are able to make a wider range of choices more fluently. They believe that they play a role in determining their own behavior and so feel responsible for their own behavior. 5. Creativity – it follows that they will feel more free to be creative. They will also be more creative in the way they adapt to their own circumstances without feeling a need to conform. 6. Reliability and constructiveness – they can be trusted to act constructively. An individual who is open to all their needs will be able to maintain a balance between them. Even aggressive needs will be matched and balanced by intrinsic goodness in congruent individuals. www. bapca. org. uk/about-2/carl-rogers. html? tmpl=component&print=1&page= 1/4 3/22/13 Carl Rogers 7. A rich full life – he describes the life of the fully functioning individual as rich, full and exciting and suggests that they experience joy and pain, love and heartbreak, fear and courage more intensely. Rogers’ description of the good life: This process of the good life is not, I am convinced, a life for the faint-hearted. It involves the stretching and growing of becoming more and more of one’s potentialities. It involves the courage to be. It means launching oneself fully into the stream of life. (Rogers 1961) Nineteen propositions Rogers theory (as of 1951) was based on 19 propositions: 1. All individuals (organisms) exist in a continually changing world of experience (phenomenal field) of which they are the center. 2. The organism reacts to the field as it is experienced and perceived. This perceptual field is â€Å"reality† for the individual. 3. The organism reacts as an organized whole to this phenomenal field. 4. A portion of the total perceptual field gradually becomes differentiated as the self. 5. As a result of interaction with the environment, and particularly as a result of evaluational interaction with others, the structure of the self is formed – an organized, fluid but consistent conceptual pattern of perceptions of characteristics and relationships of the â€Å"I† or the â€Å"me†, together with values attached to these concepts. . The organism has one basic tendency and striving – to actualize, maintain and enhance the experiencing organism. 7. The best vantage point for understanding behavior is from the internal frame of reference of the individual. 8. Behavior is basically the goal-directed attempt of the organism to satisfy its needs as experienced, in the field as perceived. 9. Emotion accompanies, and in general facilitates, such goal directed behavior, the kind of emotion being related to the perceived significance of the behavior for the maintenance and enhancement of the organism. 10. The values attached to experiences, and the values that are a part of the self-structure, in some instances, are values experienced directly by the organism, and in some instances are values introjected or taken over from others, but perceived in distorted fashion, as if they had been experienced directly. 1. As experiences occur in the life of the individual, they are either, a) symbolized, perceived and organized into some relation to the self, b) ignored because there is no perceived relationship to the self structure, c) denied symbolization or given distorted symbolization because the experience is inconsistent with the structure of the self. 12. Most of the ways of behaving that are adopted by the organism are those that are consistent with the concept of self. 13. In some instances, behavior may be brought about by organic experiences and needs which have not been symbolized. Such behavior may be inconsistent with the structure of the self but in such instances the behavior is not â€Å"owned† by the individual. 14. Psychological adjustment exists when the concept of the self is such that all the sensory and visceral experiences of the organism are, or may be, assimilated on a symbolic level into a consistent relationship with the concept of self. 15. Psychological maladjustment exists when the organism denies awareness of significant sensory and visceral experiences, which consequently are not symbolized and organized into the gestalt of the self structure. When this situation exists, there is a basic or potential psychological tension. 16. Any experience which is inconsistent with the organization of the structure of the self may be www. bapca. org. uk/about-2/carl-rogers. html? tmpl=component&print=1&page= 2/4 3/22/13 Carl Rogers perceived as a threat, and the more of these perceptions there are, the more rigidly the self structure is organized to maintain itself. 7. Under certain conditions, involving primarily complete absence of threat to the self structure, experiences which are inconsistent with it may be perceived and examined, and the structure of self revised to assimilate and include such experiences. 18. When the individual perceives and accepts into one consistent and integrated system all his sensory and visceral ex periences, then he is necessarily more understanding of others and is more accepting of others as separate individuals. 9. As the individual perceives and accepts into his self structure more of his organic experiences, he finds that he is replacing his present value system – based extensively on introjections which have been distortedly symbolized – with a continuing organismic valuing process. Additionally, Rogers is known for practicing â€Å"unconditional positive regard,† which is defined as accepting a person â€Å"without negative judgment of †¦. [a person’s] basic worth. † Learner-centred education Carl Rogers applied his experiences with adult therapy to the education process and developed the concept of learner-centered teaching. He had the following five hypotheses regarding learner-centered education: -â€Å"A person cannot teach another person directly; a person can only facilitate another’s learning† (Rogers, 1951). This is a result of his personality theory, which states that everyone exists in a constantly changing world of experience in which he or she is the center. Each person reacts and responds based on perception and experience. The belief is that what the student does is more important than what the teacher does. The focus is on the student (Rogers, 1951). Therefore, the background and experiences of the learner are essential to how and what is learned. Each student will process what he or she learns differently depending on what he or she brings to the classroom. -â€Å"A person learns significantly only those things that are perceived as being involved in the maintenance of or enhancement of the structure of self† (Rogers, 1951). Therefore, relevancy to the student is essential for learning. The students’ experiences become the core of the course. -â€Å"Experience which, if assimilated, would involve a change in the organization of self, tends to be resisted through denial or distortion of symbolism† (Rogers, 1951). If the content or presentation of a course is inconsistent with preconceived information, the student will learn if he or she is open to varying concepts. Being open to consider concepts that vary from one’s own is vital to learning. Therefore, gently encouraging open-mindedness is helpful in engaging the student in learning. Also, it is important, for this reason, that new information is relevant and related to existing experience. -â€Å"The structure and organization of self appears to become more rigid under threats and to relax its boundaries when completely free from threat† (Rogers, 1951). If students believe that concepts are being forced upon them, they might become uncomfortable and fearful. A barrier is created by a tone of threat in the classroom. Therefore, an open, friendly environment in which trust is developed is essential in the online classroom. Fear of retribution for not agreeing with a concept should be eliminated. A classroom tone of support helps to alleviate fears and encourages students to have the courage to explore concepts and beliefs that vary from those they bring to the classroom. Also, new information might threaten the student’s concept of him- or herself; therefore, the less vulnerable the student feels, the more likely he or she will be able to open up to the learning process. -â€Å"The educational situation which most effectively promotes significant learning is one in which (a) threat to the self of the learner is reduced to a minimum and (b) differentiated perception of the field is www. bapca. org. k/about-2/carl-rogers. html? tmpl=component;print=1;page= 3/4 3/22/13 Carl Rogers facilitated† (Rogers, 1951). The instructor should be open to learning from the students and also working to connect the students to the subject matter. Frequent interaction with the students will help achieve this goal. The instructor’s acceptance of being a mentor who guides rat her than the expert who tells is instrumental to student-centered, nonthreatening, and unforced learning. This article is taken from the Wikipedia entry for Carl Rogers. www. bapca. org. uk/about-2/carl-rogers. html? tmpl=component&print=1&page= 4/4

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Baler – Reaction Paper

We spent two hours inside classroom. I saw a lot, discovered new ideas, thought of filling my senses, felt all the lines in the movie. But when I was about to go out, there seems to be something lacking. It’s like something is not reaching my stomach. It was like dissolved in my throat too early. The movie is acceptable. Full of good intentions. Intentions to deliver good performances, to tell a good story, to educate and entertain, to transport the viewer to a period worth knowing, to render good cinema experience. This movie is based on history which is the Siege of Baler that happened near the end of the Philippine-Spanish War, wherein 57 soldiers hid inside a church against Filipino rebel troops. The major events and officials involved in the movie are real people, like Captain Enrique de Las Morenas, the commander of 57 man Spanish detachment of the Second Expeditionary Rifle Battalion. The siege of Baler is the backdrop of this movie, but the story is focused on the romance of Half-Spanish Half Filipino soldier who is Celso Resurreccion (Jericho Rosales), and a native of Baler, Quezon, who is Feliza Reyes (Anne Curtis). Watching the main characters on how they portray the characters are funny. Jericho doesn’t look like Half Spanish. Also Anne wherein she is a native of Baler. She is not qualified to be one. Good thing she act well enough. Cinematography is not that good. Some are excellent but some are dull. The fight scene at the start looked like a montage. But it lacked spirit, doesn’t affect much the viewer. The church looked very fake. Even in the scene where Feliza is reading a love letter. It was dark, she was holding the lamp under the love letter, but how come she still be able to read it? All in all, the movie is good. Although I said in the beginning it’s not good enough. My expectations aren’t met. For the record, I don’t remember studying the Siege of Baler. This served as a good source of my knowledge on our heritage. Baler Un Libro de reaccion para espanoles Pasamos dos horas dentro de clase. Vi un monton, descubierto nuevas ideas, pensamiento de llenar mis sentidos, sintio todas las lineas en la pelicula. Pero cuando estaba a punto de salir, parece que hay algo que falta. Es como si algo no esta llegando a mi estomago. Era como disuelto en la garganta antes de tiempo. La pelicula es aceptable. Lleno de buenas intenciones. Las intenciones de entregar buenos resultados, para contar una buena historia, educar y entretener, para transportar al espectador a un periodo vale la pena conocer, a hacer experiencia de cine bueno. Esta pelicula esta basada en la historia que es el Sitio de Baler que ocurrio cerca del final de la guerra filipino-espanol, en el que 57 soldados se escondio dentro de una iglesia en contra de las tropas rebeldes filipinos. Los eventos principales y funcionarios involucrados en la pelicula son personas reales, como el capitan de Las Morenas Enrique, el comandante del destacamento hombre de 57 espanoles del Batallon Expedicionario Rifle Segunda. El asedio de Baler es el telon de fondo de esta pelicula, pero la historia se centra en el romance de Half-espanolas mitad soldado filipino que es Celso Resurreccion (Jericho Rosales), y un nativo de Baler, Quezon, que es Feliza Reyes (Anne Curtis ). Viendo a los personajes principales en como retratan los personajes son divertidos. Jericho no se parece a la mitad espanoles. Tambien Anne donde ella es originaria de Baler. Ella no esta calificado para ser uno. Menos mal que actuar lo suficientemente bien. Cinematografia no es tan bueno. Algunos son excelentes, pero algunos son aburridos. La escena de la pelea al principio parecia un montaje. Pero carecia de espiritu, no afecta mucho al espectador. La iglesia se veia muy falso. Incluso en la escena en la que Feliza esta leyendo una carta de amor. Estaba oscuro, que sostenia la lampara bajo la carta de amor, pero ?como es que ella todavia ser capaz de leerlo? En conjunto, la pelicula es buena. Aunque he dicho al principio que no es lo suficientemente bueno. Mis expectativas no se cumplen. Para que conste, no me acuerdo el estudio del asedio de Baler. Esto sirvio como una buena fuente de mi conocimiento sobre nuestro patrimonio.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Essays

Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Essays Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Essay Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Essay http://accrualperspective. wordpress. com/2012/10/10/zyngas-revenue-recognition-dilemma/ Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Leave a reply Zynga’s Revenue Recognition Dilemma Zynga has been the focus of a highly disputed topic on bookings and revenues as of late. Unfortunately for the online gaming company, many accountants and financial analysts are not in Zynga’s favor on the way that the company has been recognizing revenues. To put the company in perspective, there are 26 million digital farmers via the vastly rampant FarmVille application run by Zynga. In the popular game, Facebook users build farms to produce crops and create the kind of productivity that they desire. This creates the need for virtual, heavy equipment, such as tractors, seeders and harvesters, all which can be bought with FarmVille Currency. Zynga makes money by allowing users to hurry the process by converting real dollars from their credit cards into the virtual currency necessary to get the equipment they need to get the job done. Like FarmVille, Zynga has users across a variety of applications such as CityVille, Words with Friends, and Mafia Wars, all of which using the same models. This type of unique revenue however provokes a unique question; that is, how is Zynga supposed to report revenues from these products that they’ve offered? According to the company’s 10-k report, it’s policies on reporting states that: * â€Å"For the sale of consumable virtual goods, we recognize revenue as the goods are consumed† * â€Å"We recognize revenue from the sale of durable virtual goods ratably over the estimated average playing period of paying players for the applicable game, which represents our best estimate of the average life of our durable virtual goods† And perhaps the most important: â€Å"If we do not have the ability to differentiate revenue attributable to durable virtual goods from consumable virtual goods for a specific game, we recognize revenue from the sale of durable and consumable virtual goods for that game ratably over the estimated average period that paying players typically play our games† This type of fina ncial reporting is simply too confusing and leaves the door open for too much alteration within the reports. Also, this type of unpredictable reporting technique allows the company to skew bottom-line profits and maneuver their earnings to reflect an untrue valuation of the company’s worth. These types of manipulations are especially alarming to users of the financials who are looking to invest in a company that appears to be growing, when in reality it is altering production numbers with every consecutive quarter. In regards to the revenue recognition dispute, the way their accountants estimate average periods that paying players actually play the Zynga games must be validated. In a recent article by Bloomberg’s Cory Johnson, he notes that Zynga has made changes to these estimates five of the last six quarters. These changes made drastically effect the net profits that Zynga is reporting to the public. By taking the estimate and distorting it, they are able to report profits when indeed there are none. It is curious that the auditor assigned to Zynga, Ernst Young, has allowed this method of accounting to be implemented when clearly it is affecting the bottom line. It is also curious that EY is also the auditor for the Zynga’s distributor, Facebook whose Zynga profits have accounted for roughly 12% of its revenue. This â€Å"independence† (or lack there of) calls into question the true authenticity behind these reporting standards and what they mean to the accounting profession as well as financial statement users world-wide. At any rate, this is a topic that needs to be brought to light, discussed and ruled upon. Zynga cannot merely go on reporting as they wish to provoke the appearance of a success while the true profits and losses go unnoticed. http://blogs. smeal. psu. edu/grumpyoldaccountants/archives/746#more-746 http://articles. businessinsider. com/2011-10-12/research/30269486_1_zynga-virtual-goods-bookings forbes. com/sites/francinemckenna/2012/04/23/how-zynga-facebook-and-groupons-go-to-auditor-rewrites-accounting-rules/

Monday, October 21, 2019

Social Media Essays

Social Media Essays Social Media Essay Social Media Essay Essay Topic: Social Media Social Media: Necessity vs.. Nuisance Most people do not listen with the intent to understand, they listen with the intent to reply (Stephen Convey). People view society as a lost cause: we rely so much on technology and social media that we lose Important values that make us unique and Ideal citizens of society. Weve become so subconsciously narcissistic that we forget to take the time to understand someone elses needs. Social media and technology has changed the way we interact with people because we center our lives around an imaginary world. In that world, we post pictures of our breakfast on social media to see how many likes we can get instead of enjoying a meal and spending time with our mother. You may ask yourself, what is social media? Social media is the interaction among people in which they create, share, or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks (Wisped). Social media websites range from Twitter, Backbone. Mainstream, Linked, Google+, etc. And are all globally connected. Society is moving forward and craving the latest and greatest in technology. To what extent is social media necessary? To some, social media Is a necessity and plays an Important part In ones life because It Is their virtual Identity and Image. To others, It Is a nuisance that depreciates the meaning of life. We must find a common ground and truly understand how social media Impacts our lives. Social media allows people from all over the world to virtually interact with each other. For many, this is a great step in implementing technology into our everyday lives. For others, it is absolute chaos because of the lack of privacy and the ignorance it entails. Twitter, a very popular social media website, has become a hotshot for communication and exploring breaking news articles from across the globe. Twitter also allows its users to see what is trending around the world and makes it easy for users to search for a specific topic and see what others are saying. Its fast, its easy, and its convenient. Previous generations did not have the accessibility of social media and were forced to conform to what they were taught and could not branch out to learn differently and connect with others who share common Interests. Before he ease of social media and the Internet, people were confined to sending letters and calling a number out of the phone book to satisfy their needs. In 2006, the Oxford dictionary introduced the term, Google, to Google, as a verb. When someone needs a question answered, one now says, Oh let me Google it! Society is becoming a freight train, adapting new technology to everyday life rapidly. Social media gives us a new outlook on life; people can express themselves and are exposed to different views and opinions that they can learn from and formulate our own thoughts on as ell. No longer is society suppressed from reality. People have a voice and are free to say what they want and share it with everyone. No longer can people be ignorant to the problems of the world. Social media has created a lost generation. We have become so consumed with our Image and how people perceive us that we have forgotten what It means to be a teenager. We would rather sit In our room and Judge people behind our smartness or computers Instead AT going on a DIKe rare on a Delightful sunny cay. Social media has created narcissistic individuals who solely care about rewets and favorites on a 140-character text message seen by others and could care less if it was aimed to hurt someone, otherwise known as a subtlest. Our youth has no feeling of shame or compassion towards people when it comes to social media. It is lowering grades, getting people fired, and affecting others instantly. Negative outcomes arent necessarily social medias fault, but the user itself who influences others and the people who allow the actions of others to affect them. I have asked any of my friends on their feelings towards social media and many of them agree that it makes them feel an array of emotions by the things they see and read. Intimidation sets in and we begin to feel excluded and assume things, which weakens relationships and friendships by the lack of trust and communication. For couples, seeing your significant other talk to and favorite the opposite sexs tweets and pictures on Mainstream, a popular picture sharing application, can cause Jealousy and tension between you, the person, and your significant other. It too creates lack of rust and can ultimately lead to breaking up, or even a divorce if the arising issue is not fixed immediately. It sounds silly, but it is a major problem in many young relationships. It is human nature to Jump to conclusion and assume, but you want to give someone the benefit of the doubt because we want to believe humans are not twisted and evil people. For me personally, social media has had both a positive and negative impact on my life. Knowing campus news or homework tweeted by your teacher is Just a click away leaves a peace of mind, but seeing the ignorant tweets of there and witnessing cyber bullying is appalling and irritating. Students are actively trying to combat cyber bullying by creating anonymous accounts on Twitter that complement many students of both Livermore and Granddad High. These accounts, these students, are genuine people and want to make a difference in the world and I admire their effort. My generation needs to wake up and smell the roses, the world is not going to change itself and we need to set an example for others on how social media should be used. People are constantly looking for ways to improve their ivies and by implementing new technology, we are able to find a mutual standpoint. Social media allows people all over the world to connect and share information and constantly learn new things to benefit them and grow as a person. With the wide availability and convenience of social media, we must create boundaries to prevent a flood of ignorance because in the long run, society will never truly be done with social media. We must educate ourselves in order to preserve the life we have in reality, not virtually inside a social media website.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

The Number of Countries in the World

The Number of Countries in the World The answer to the seemingly simple geographical question of How many countries are there? is that it depends on whos doing the counting. The United Nations, for example, recognizes 241 countries and territories. The United States, however, officially recognizes fewer than 200 nations. Ultimately, the best answer is that there are 196 countries in the world. Heres why. United Nations Member States There are 193 member states in the United Nations. This total is often cited inaccurately as the actual number of countries in the world; its inaccurate because there are two other members with limited status. Both the Vatican (officially known as the Holy See), which is an independent nation, and the Palestinian Authority, which is a quasi-governmental body, have been granted permanent observer status at the United Nations. These two entities can take part in all official UN activities but cannot cast votes in the General Assembly. Likewise, some nations or regions of the world have declared their independence and are recognized by a majority of UN member states yet are not part of the United Nations. Kosovo, a region of Serbia that declared independence in 2008, is one such example.   Nations Recognized by the United States The United States officially recognizes other nations through the State Department. As of May 2018, the State Department recognized  195 independent countries around the world. This list reflects the political agenda of the United States of America and its allies. Unlike the United Nations, the United States maintains full diplomatic relations with Kosovo and the Vatican. However, one nation is missing from the State Departments list that should be on it. The Nation That Isnt The island of Taiwan, formally known as the Republic of China, meets the requirements for an independent country or state status. However, all but a handful of nations refuse to recognize Taiwan as an independent nation. The political reasons for this date back to the late 1940s, when the Republic of China was ousted from mainland China by Mao Tse Tungs communist rebels and ROC leaders fled to Taiwan. The communist Peoples Republic of China maintains that it has authority over Taiwan, and relations between the island and mainland have been strained. Taiwan was actually a member of the United Nations (and even the Security Council) until 1971 when mainland China replaced Taiwan in the organization. Taiwan, which has the worlds 29th-largest economy, continues to press for full recognition by others. But China, with its growing economic, military, and political clout, has largely been able to shape the dialogue on this issue. As a result, Taiwan cannot fly its flag at international events such as the Olympics and must be referred to as Chinese Taipei in some diplomatic situations. Territories, Colonies, and Other Non-Nations Dozens of territories and colonies are sometimes erroneously called countries but dont count because theyre governed by other countries. Places commonly confused as being countries include Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Greenland, Palestine, and Western Sahara. The components of the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and England) are  not fully independent countries, either, though they do enjoy a degree of autonomy. When dependent territories are included, the United Nations recognizes a total of 241 countries and territories.   So How Many Countries Are There? If you use the U.S. State Departments list of recognized nations and also include Taiwan, there are  196 countries in the world. The same number is reached if you count the UN voting members, its two permanent observers, and Taiwan. This is why 196 is probably the best current answer to the question.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Should both parents assume equal responsibility in raising children Essay

Should both parents assume equal responsibility in raising children - Essay Example Although this may be different to previous years, it seems that this direction is much fairer for women and gives men more interaction with their offspring. In this paper, I will be exploring the reasons behind this move towards equal parenting and whether it is right that both parents are assuming equal responsibilities for their children and how they are raised. I argue that it is fairer for women and better for children that parenting responsibles are equal. One of the main reasons why parents should assume equal responsibility in raising children is so that these children know their mother and father equally and have a good relationship with both parents, something which is important in lives. In previous years, it has been hard for children to get to know their father because he is always at work, earning money, whilst their relationship with their mother was usually good. Having a male and a female influence in the home is important for increasing harmony within the household and making the children feel as though they are loved by both parents and are valued. Another one of the main reasons that both parents should assume equal responsibilities for raising the children is that it is fairer for the women. In previous years, it has been that the woman has done all the housework and raised the kids alone, whilst the man of the home went to earn money. Although both parents worked hard, a lot of women came to feel that their talents were being wasted, particularly if they had a college education and they were fairly smart. From an outside perspective it does seem unfair that the man can have a career whilst the women is doing menial tasks and continually looking after the children. Another reason why this shared responsibility is fairer for the women is that it can be quite difficult for a women to balance all the childcare, a social life and a job, which means that she usually has to give one of

America as a Christian Nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

America as a Christian Nation - Essay Example And that they do it only by necessity. According to him "injustice is more profitable to an individual than justice." (360 B.C.) However, it has been a popular teaching in Christianity that God gave men free will. And according to C.S Lewis, it is that same free will that made evil possible. (1943) Men are then free to do good as well as evil. Therefore, because of this free will, in my opinion, it doesn't matter whether or not men are born just or not. Nor is the reason why men are unjust, whether by whim or necessity. All that matters is that men have the capacity to be unjust. And it is that capability for injustice that should be constrained, but how It has been argued that the best of all things is "to do injustice and not be punished," the worst is "to suffer injustice without power of retaliation," (Devine 2004) hence the middle ground is what we call justice as imposed by government. And I agree. I believe that it is the existence of the government that constrains this capability of evil. It provides for laws, renders judgment and imposes punishment. I agree with Rousseau when he stated that even if God did not have a hand on the legitimacy of the government, it is God that gave the individuals inalienable rights. (Devine, 2004) And this includes the right to form a unified body to govern them. You need not be Christian. You can be Muslim or Jewish. You may even call your God different names. But I think, if one believes that all men has inalienable rights, he or she must believe that there is a higher power bestowing that right. Because if the contrary was true, that there is no higher power, then men would be the highest power. We are all gods. I don't think that's right. If we are all gods, that would lead to chaos. As such, since the power of the American government emanates from the people, America as a nation must believe in a higher power, a religion. Why Christianity One main reason why America leans towards Christianity more than the other religions is because of history. We have learned in the readings that through conquests, Christianity was spread from Europe, to the American continent. However, there are also other religions brought by immigrants inside America. There is also the fact that there are many who prefers not to believe in any religion at all. But despite that, I still believe that America is still a Christian nation. Why Because of its teachings. No matter if you call yourself an atheist or declare that you believe in some other god, if you practice what Christianity preach, I call you a Christian. So what are these teachings Firstly, Christianity teaches us to be just, to respect and to do no harm to another. These are the basic virtues that lead to the very goal of our Constitution: the protection of life, liberty and property. Secondly, Christianity t

Friday, October 18, 2019

Discuss a book you have read all the way through that is not related Essay

Discuss a book you have read all the way through that is not related to economics, business, or finance, and its influence on your thinking - Essay Example The story is characterized by traditional approach to life as opposed to modernism which is displayed in the lives of Wung Lung and O-lan. Women are considered as mere materials that can be purchased to satisfy a man’s needs in the traditional Chinese community. O-lan is a slave from a rich family who was given for marriage due to a request from Wung Lun father. This is portrayed as forced marriage in a modern culture context because a woman is given against her own will for marriage. A twist is seen where the two rather connect even without prior courtship (Burk 189). Their marriage however faces a couple of challenges. Wung Lung chauvinism plays out when he is not pleased by the fact that his wife’s feet are not bound, a demeaning traditional practice that undermined women by binding women with tight formations so as to forcefully stunt their growth. Traditions appeared to have outshone modernism that was busy creeping in. modernism seemed to be embraced by the rich and traditionalism had held the poor hostage. Interference is a factor noted in the book in pearl’s book. Traditional interference is hard to miss in Wung Lung happy marriage to O-lan. One time Wung Lung makes a concubine because of the bound feet that his wife didn’t have which was a traditional practice (Burk 200). Hwang rich family faces its demise because of drug addiction and women addiction which act as interference to the financial status of the family making them sell their property. Modernism appears to be a threat to Chinese traditions because the traditionalists are less appealed by this modern trend that was slowly taking root in the Chinese society. The ‘Good Earth’ might be telling a story of successful harvest by the mentioned Chinese families at the end of a successful planting season characterized by financial success but the story’s plot echoes more

Influence of Buddhism on Japanese Architecture Essay

Influence of Buddhism on Japanese Architecture - Essay Example The architectural design of Buddhist temples that were introduced in Japan followed the traditional forms that been developed in Korea and China. A number of buildings that made up seven structures were to be found within one compound. These structures included among others the main hall, pagoda, repository for sutras, lecture hall, bell tower, dining hall and dormitory with a wall made of clay enclosing the compound with each of the sides having a gate. In this arrangement, the main object of worship was placed in the main hall with the lecture hall which was construction being used by the monks as study place, religious instructions or for performing various religious rituals. There were also towers in the compound, one housing the bells used for announcing religious daily functions while there was also a tower that housed canonical texts therefore acting as a sutra repository. The dormitories and the mess hall were located either to the sides or behind the inner grounds.Although t he earlier forms of architecture that had been in existence before introduction of Buddhism utilized wood as the main construction martial, introduction of the religion by the Chinese led to novel approaches in the way wood technology was applied in construction. Before the entrance of temple architecture introduced in Japan by Buddhism, there existed simple forms of beam and post technology explored in the design and construction of various structures. This was an important aspect considering the buildings were constructed in a land.

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Inequality and Politics in the United States Essay

Inequality and Politics in the United States - Essay Example The following discussion aims at addressing economic and political inequality and discusses the role of social movements in improving the lives of the poor in society. Some of the important economic challenges facing the United States and other developed economies are the increase in economic inequality. Over the last two decades, no other industrialized country in the world has a bigger gap between wage growth and productivity growth than the U.S. The U.S economic inequality is at historically high levels because there is a great disparity in the way wages and income are distributed. Americans today live in an unequal society characterized by higher gaps in wages, income and wealth. Most poor and middle class households are left out in matters of economic growth and they watch as the GDP, stock markets, productivity and corporate profits rise everyday while their incomes stagnate or grow at a very slow rate (Kenworthy and Smeeding 31). The stock market has risen to 60 percent; the GDP is up by 8 percent nationally while the median house hold income has fallen by 5 percent. From the year 1979 to 2007, the richest 1 percent of the population experienced tripling of incomes while those of the middle households rose only to about 25 percent. Currently, the richest 1 percent claims ownership to over 60 percent of the total wealth while 5 percent of the richest people claim over 60 percent of the total wealth in the United States. The gender and racial gap in wages, incomes and wealth has also widened throughout the period. While racial segregation has reduced in the last ten years, economic segregation has been on the rise. The great recession through 2010/2011 had its negative effects on the U.S. economy. Indeed it has permanently and negatively changed the level of well being as well as the distribution of resources in the whole country. With the nation’s economic growth abruptly halted during the 2008 recession, many workers turned

The Portfolio of Current Issues in Risk Management Essay

The Portfolio of Current Issues in Risk Management - Essay Example Companies however have also sought to establish various steps to manage these risks, including the review of the management of organization risks and the review of the present operating models. Commentary The article above discusses the issue which relates to the global supply chain risk. The normal process of supply and demand in the current context of the globalized economy materializes in the form of the globalized demand and supply process. This means that demand and supply is now governed by a larger market, one which encompasses many countries (Taylor and Brunt, 2001). In the past, the commercial enterprises were mostly based on national activities, with only few multinational corporations venturing into commercial activities outside their home countries. With the eventual spread of globalization however, economic practices soon became significant trends in doing business. This included the globalized supply chains (Taylor and Brunt, 2001). Risks in relation to these supply cha ins however also impacted significantly on various corporations and business processes. Inasmuch as the global supply chain was able to secure more diverse, cheaper, and more bountiful supplies; it has also been vulnerable to various issues within the supply chain (Rainer and Cegielski, 2010). The globalized nature of the supply chain has made the delivery of supplies subject to the events which are unfolding in the countries included in the supply chain (Rainer and Cegielski, 2010). In effect, the risks experienced by the main lines and countries involved in the supply line are felt by all the countries or corporations within the chain. As was mentioned in the article, the earthquake in Japan may have been an ocean away from the western countries, however, its impact was felt in the US, and as far away as the United Kingdom (Hoover, et.al., 2001). The global supply chain, in effect, is affected by the economic crisis felt by countries or regions involved in the supply chain. Raw ma terials are usually sourced from one part of the globe, processed by another country, and then manufactured in another. The finished product is then distributed in different parts of the world (Hoover, et.al., 2001). Issues in the mining of copper in the Philippines for example would affect supply for processing companies. These processing companies would have a higher processing cost and therefore demand higher costs for their sales. In turn, the manufacturing companies would also increase their price. Eventually, the end consumer bears the cost of the price increase. Political instability also increases the risk within the global supply chain. This is very much apparent in the case of conflicts in the Middle East and in North Africa where issues in the region are causing difficulties in the oil supply chain (Hoover, et.al., 2001). The Middle East controls significant oil reserves and where the supply from these countries are curtailed or affected by political conflicts, the price of oil is also affected. Once again, within the supply chain, the costs are increased. Oil is a major source of fuel and any increase in its price affects many industries and most human commercial activities (Hoover, et.al., 2001). In the end, the consumer again bears the brunt of the economic costs

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Inequality and Politics in the United States Essay

Inequality and Politics in the United States - Essay Example The following discussion aims at addressing economic and political inequality and discusses the role of social movements in improving the lives of the poor in society. Some of the important economic challenges facing the United States and other developed economies are the increase in economic inequality. Over the last two decades, no other industrialized country in the world has a bigger gap between wage growth and productivity growth than the U.S. The U.S economic inequality is at historically high levels because there is a great disparity in the way wages and income are distributed. Americans today live in an unequal society characterized by higher gaps in wages, income and wealth. Most poor and middle class households are left out in matters of economic growth and they watch as the GDP, stock markets, productivity and corporate profits rise everyday while their incomes stagnate or grow at a very slow rate (Kenworthy and Smeeding 31). The stock market has risen to 60 percent; the GDP is up by 8 percent nationally while the median house hold income has fallen by 5 percent. From the year 1979 to 2007, the richest 1 percent of the population experienced tripling of incomes while those of the middle households rose only to about 25 percent. Currently, the richest 1 percent claims ownership to over 60 percent of the total wealth while 5 percent of the richest people claim over 60 percent of the total wealth in the United States. The gender and racial gap in wages, incomes and wealth has also widened throughout the period. While racial segregation has reduced in the last ten years, economic segregation has been on the rise. The great recession through 2010/2011 had its negative effects on the U.S. economy. Indeed it has permanently and negatively changed the level of well being as well as the distribution of resources in the whole country. With the nation’s economic growth abruptly halted during the 2008 recession, many workers turned

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Information Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Information Management - Essay Example As the paper declares safety of the patient has become paramount, and it has become very necessary for hospitals to streamline the volume of health information regarding a patient so as to present it in a manner that is efficient for the doctor to carry out an effective diagnosis. To develop an ideal information management, health software would require the integration of data’s ranging from blood reports, CT scans, surgical reports, inputs from nurses, social workers, medicine companies, insurance companies and other administrative data. Improving the information management and its flow from so many different sources would also lead to considerable increase in efficiency for the health care sector and also effectively help in controlling costs and minimize errors. According to the research findings while the IT industry with its portability and efficiency has made rapid entry into other sectors like airline, finance and banking, its foray into the health care sector has been comparatively limited. Part of the reason is that health care organizations are a bit reluctant to invest money in technology to streamline information. An ideal information management should successfully integrate project management, IT management and change management. Electronic patient record as the name suggests is a complete record of a patient’s medical history, the treatments undergone, medications taken, specific kind of allergies if any, details of immunization and other laboratory reports.

Monday, October 14, 2019

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay Example for Free

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay The most significant character in A Midsummer Night’s Dream is Puck who is quick-witted, fun-loving, lovely, humorous and mischievous. Puck also has an impulsive spirit, suggestive language and supernatural fancy. He appears to depict wild disparities, for instance, the unspoken evaluation of the elegant fairies and the coarse simple craftsmen. Puck is stylish, however, not as saccharine like fellow fairies. As a comedian, Puck displays some coarseness and thuds turns bottom into a fool just for enjoyment. Puck is charitable however he can perform nasty tricks. Despite the fact that majority of the elves are portrayed as ethereal and beautiful, Puck often appears as rather bizarre. One fairy states that Puck is regarded by some as some ‘hobgoblin’; this term connotes less glamour as compared to ‘fairy’. The arrogant weaver character, Nick Bottom’s comedy is amusingly overt. Being the key character within the sub-plot in which Thisbe and pyramids stories are produced by the craftsmen, Bottom controls fellow characters with some strange conviction in own capabilities as well as his humorous incompetence. Bottom regards himself as being ideal for each play part; however, he performs terribly and often makes grammatical and rhetorical speech mistakes. Bottom is humorous because he totally is not aware of his ridiculousness and hence his language is arrogant and. Such foolish pride climaxes following the transformation of Bottom’s skull into an ass’s. Following Titania’s falling in love with Bottom, Bottom Titania’s actions are not ordinary and that he deserves all this treatment. Bottom’s lack of awareness regarding the transformation of his head into an ass’s is similar to his failure to see the irrationality of the notion of Titania falling in love with him (http://www. sparknotes. com/shakespeare/msnd/themes. html). Helena the youthful woman madly smitten by Demetrius is probably the most prominent of the other actors apart from Bottom and Puck. Among Athenian devotees, Helena stands out as the individual who most considers love’s nature. This could be because as the play opens, Helena misses out on Hermia, Demetrius and Lysander’ love affair. She holds that Demetrius has some fantastic idea regarding Hermia’s prettiness that makes him not recognize Helena’s beauty. Although conscious of Demetrius’ shortcomings, and Being very faithful to him, Helena embarks on winning Demetrius’ love by informing him of Hermia and Lysander’s scheme to escape into the woods. Once inside the woods, the confusion brought in by the love portion bring out majority of Helena’s qualities. In comparison with fellow lovers, Helena is very uncertain regarding herself; she is overly concerned of her looks and she regards Lysander as scornful of her after he states that he loves her. The play removed audiences form the characters’ emotions so as to gain excitement form the afflictions and torments lovers go through. The play’s tone is very lighthearted to guarantee audiences that three will be some happy ending. Audiences may thus delight in the comedy and avoid being ensnared within the tension posed by uncertain eventualities. The subject of the complexity of love usually is analyzed through the concept of unbalanced love; romantic instances whereby an inequality or disparity obstructs harmonious relationships. A key example is the 4 youthful Athenians unbalanced love: Hermia and Lysander love each other; Helena adores Demetrius; plus Demetrius adores Hermia as opposed to Helena. This constitutes a basic numeric inequity, whereby 2 men adore a single woman thus one lady has excess lovers while the other has very few. The scheme is mainly geared towards internal equilibrium and thus a conventional happy conclusion will have been reached after the devotee’s tangle unravels into balanced pairings. Similarly, Oberon and Titania’s relationship signifies an imbalance since Oberon covets the Indian lad of Titania more that he loves Titania. Afterwards, Titania’s adoration of Bottom signifies some nature and appearance imbalance. Titania is graceful and beautiful, whereas Bottom is ugly and clumsy (http://www. sparknotes. com/shakespeare/msnd/themes. html). A Midsummer Night’s Dream employs magic to develop a strange world and also to exemplify love’s mystic power (signified by the love portion). Despite the fact that abuse of the supernatural leads to anarchy, like after Puck accidentally administers the love portion to the eyelids of Lysander, magic finally finishes the tension in the play by reinstating love’s balance among the 4 Athenian youngsters. Moreover, Puck’s ease of usage of magic to accomplish his desires, like in reshaping Bottom’s head into an ass’s and recreating Demetrius and Lysander’s voices, contrasts with the craftsmen’s gracefulness and laboriousness as they act their part. Dreams comprise a vital subject within A Midsummer Night’s Dream; the magical, bizarre events in the woods are related to dreams. Hyppolyta’s initial words signify dreams’ prevalence in the play; different other characters refer to dreams. Dreaming theme predominantly repeats itself when actors try to analyze bizarre occurrences that affect them. Bottom states that his inability to understand the supernatural occurrences affecting him is due to slumber. Shakespeare as well is concerned with dreams’ real workings; the occurrence of events with no explanation, lose of time’s usual flow sense, and the happening of the impractical. He attempts to reconstruct such an environment by fairy intervention within the magical woods. At the play’s conclusion, pluck broadens the dream theme to audiences, by informing them in case the play upsets them, they ought to bear in mind that this is nothing but some dream. Such an illusion sense plus delicate fragility proves vital to A Midsummer Night’s Dream’s atmosphere since it helps in making the play some fantastical encounter as opposed to heavy performance (http://www. sparknotes. com/shakespeare/msnd/themes. html). References SparkNotes: A midsummer night’s dream: themes, symbols, motifs. Retrieved June 2, 2009, from http://www. sparknotes. com/shakespeare/msnd/themes. html

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Organizational Decision Making Approaches

Organizational Decision Making Approaches Introduction The main focus of this paper is about different approaches in making decisions in a business or company. Followed by insight into the process of making decision, and some influential factors. Finally, an assessment of manager approaches to risk and uncertainty in decision making is included too. Decision- making approachs The literature is rich in theories regarding decision making. Three main theories will be discussed and explained . they are as follow: the rational approach, naturalistic approach, and multiple-perspectives approach. The rational approach. In this theory the manager is expected to be fully aware about the whole situation before taking decision and at the same time to be rational (Turpin and Marais 2006). There are few elements must be available to facilitate the rational decision-making process (Turpin and Marais 2006). These elements are given by Simon ( 1997) : Intelligence : picking the right moment to take a decision. Design: creating, carrying out, and deep analyzing for all actions possibilities. Selecting : picking one choice from all available choices. Reviewing : analyzing possible consequences of the chosen course. (Simon 1960). In typical rationality, it is expected that the decision maker is aware of all possible choices, outcomes, have clear vision and methodology in prioritizing the outcomes, and be able to compare the outcomes and selecting the best (Kreitner, Kinicki et al. 2001). During the choice process, each possibility is linked to numerical value and the possibility with the highest value is determined to be the best choice (Turpin and Marais 2006). Naturalistic decision- making approach The concept of this theory is to put everything in its natural context before understanding and analyzing anything (Turpin and Marais 2006). What makes this theory unique from similar descriptive approaches is its empirical background (Turpin and Marais 2006). Recognition –Primed Decision (RPD) (Klein 1998) approach is the latest update of this theory. The RPD has been introduced by Gary Klein. He analyzed around six hundreds decisions taken in critical situations by ordinary and specialized people like doctors, military generals etc.. (Turpin and Marais 2006). IN RPD, experiences plays major role and the situation evaluation ability increases with the more experience the decision maker posses (Klein 1998). Based on his own previous experience the decision maker can assess the situation and what direction thing can take and then determines which choice to take. Once the plan has been implemented and things take unfamiliar course , the decision maker could collect new information and modify his decision (Turpin and Marais 2006). multiple-perspectives approach this approach has been presented by Mitroff and Linstone (1993) as an attempt to study a problem from all available perspectives (Mitroff and Linstone 1993). This approach has used Singer and Churchman’s (1971) idea of unbounded systems thinking, which considers any conflict is not isolated from any other conflicts (Churchman 1971, Turpin and Marais 2006). Perspectives in this approach are being categorized into three main areas. These areas are: technical, individual, and organizational (Turpin and Marais 2006). Technical refers to information collecting process in order to understand the system (Turpin and Marais 2006). Although some projects could be seen as rational or objective assumption of the situation, variety of technical perspectives could be obtained as a result of diverse analysts (Turpin and Marais 2006). Thus, it is highly recommended to develop and generate several technical perspectives of a system. Analyzing of major key-players and stakeholder to maximum limit is required to guarantee a comprehensive coverage of all possible organizational and individual aspects or perspectives (Turpin and Marais 2006). Despite of some decisions appears to be as brilliant and marvelous decisions , ethically these decisions are not accepted. Thus, In addition to three categories mentioned above, ethical perspectives should be always calculated (Mitroff and Linstone 1993). Decision-making process in depth Decision making process is a formula composed of two phases. The first phase is or expansive and the second is convergent (Russo and Schoemaker 2002). The first phase focuses on gathering and studying all possible decisions. The second phase is about eliminating some choices and coming up with one final decision (Russo and Schoemaker 2002, Turpin and Marais 2006). Decision makers usually the follow several different strategies. For example, creating several teams; within the company; with different approaches to coordinate and communicate , and come up with possible solutions. Another strategy is intuitive (Turpin and Marais 2006). Is this scenario, the subconscious plays vital role in the developing of some solutions. There are some similarities between the expansive stage and the design phase of the rational model of Simon’s (1977) and Mitrov and Linstones (1993) model of multiple perspectives style (Turpin and Marais 2006). In the divergent phase there are two possible scenarios. The first is when the person who is going to take the decision is reluctant and does not have the decisiveness or enough courage to live with uncertainties of his decision. Then the phase will be put on hold to the last second. The second scenario is when the decision maker is confident enough the convergent phase will not take long time and the decision is taken on the spot. However, there is very important factor in the convergent phase which is the balance factor. The balance factor means to be ready to receive and act accordingly to any new information. These information might not delay the speed of making the decision necessarily, even if they could influence it. On the other hand , in certain situations the balance factor might cause some disturbance in the convergent factor and lead the decision maker back to the expansive phase again. The decision making process is under the influence of many variables. For example , the sophistication of the conflict, limited time available, and surrounding environment (Turpin and Marais 2006). For instance, in dynamic and continuously changing environment such business the exploratory and convergent stages might be squeezed into one phase due to the time limit. Decision making influential factors These factors are as follow (Turpin and Marais 2006): full and comprehensive evaluation of the situation understanding the situation and putting everything thing in its context. Categorizing company processes into established frameworks, and appreciation of the value systems of people. Presenting data Overloading any decision maker with information could result in putting him/her in chaos. Effective organizing in of the information in elegant style could save the decision maker time and fasten the process . Implementing technology Nowadays, technology provides useful tools that can lead straight to the point and helps in analyzing the situation. Managerial Decision Making Under Risk and Uncertainty Risk in definition is a ( threat to success)(Chapman and Ward 2007). Risk importance comes from the fact it is inseparable part of any project or business plan and can be either positive or negative (March and Shapira 1987, RIPLOVà  2007) . While negative risk mean too low chances in success, positive risk equals great chances in getting successful results. Risk management main duty is to decrease risk possibilities in any project or business plan through systemic approach (RIPLOVà  2007). Attitudes to risk Attitudes to risk can be classified into three areas. These attitudes are neutral, in favor of, and overter (Boehlje and Eidman 1984). Averse risk person prefers to lose some possible revenue or gain in order to reduce risk probabilities. On the other hand, Risk pron- person has the attitude of accepting higher risk potential to gain extra. The risk neutral person has one main target or goal which is not to make huge outcome, but to establish sustainable gain on the long run. This person does not have that much worry about huge losses as long he is getting what he wants (Kaan 2002). to achieve successful decision planning and making , the decision maker must understand his own risk attitude and utilize it along other capabilities he has (Kaan 2002). Risk mamagment Risk management is well established method of how to identify the risk , analysis risk probabilities, track and assess risk continuously, and come out with best solutions to control the risk and reduce its influence or impact (Leonard 1999, RIPLOVà  2007). Leonard (1999) has divided the risk management process into 4 stages. These phases are as follow: Planning: Includes putting strategy; aim and targets, evaluating process, executing, and supervising actions; locating recourses, activates, and duties; setting up a criteria to track risk elements; and continuous and regular documentation and organize information (Leonard 1999). Risk assessment: The aim of risk assessment is to identify and analysis ; continuously, all possible risks linked to the system, as long the system is being active. The main purpose of risk identifying is recognize risks of concern. That could be achieved through identifying potential uncertainty/risk causes. Then converting uncertainty to risk. After that, quantifying risk ,creating probabilities, and prioritizing risk factors (Leonard 1999). Once identifying process is finished, the analyzing process starts. Risk analyzing process goal is to locate risk causes, evaluate the risk consequences, and what is the best substitutes. In addition to that, selecting which risk to be followed and what criteria to overcome that risk (Leonard 1999). Risk handling Risk mitigation is to follow planning and assessing risk. That can be done through many ways, such as, avoiding risk, controlling risk, and transferring risk (Leonard 1999). Monitoring and feedback: Supervising the progress of the risk assessment and collecting feedback about possible emerging risks. The outcome is yet to be informed to all participated facilities, so the integrity and smooth of the whole process is protected from risks (Leonard 1999).

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Youth and Beauty Essay -- Media Plastic Surgery Self Image Essays

Youth and Beauty America is a prosperous country. In fact, sociologists have discovered a uniquely American disease that they call â€Å"affluenza.† This term refers to the stress and related disorders that develop from Americans’ need to constantly spend money on material possessions and supposed self-improvement. It is not enough to just be comfortable, we must have it all and look perfect. We work ourselves ragged and neglect our families and relationships just so we can buy the latest television, even though the three we already have work just fine. People in third world countries struggle to keep their children fed. If work is available, they earn money to buy basic necessities; they do not have the luxury of saving up for a new car. As Americans, we are so caught up in the materialistic that advertising is a billion-dollar industry in this country. What we buy also relates to our other obsessions: youth and beauty. We worship celebrities, but only until they turn fifty . Movies featuring older actors (women in particular) are rare; and even our numerous â€Å"reality† television shows all feature beautiful people in their mid-twenties to early-thirties. However, this is not reality: Americans are made up of people of all ages and shapes. Since we can afford it, we buy whatever nature does not provide, from makeup to plastic surgery. Our advertising reflects consumer demand, which in turn reflects American priorities. While people in poorer countries can not pay for surgery that they need to survive, Americans spend millions on surgery to make them look better. For example, the number of breast augmentation surgeries increased five hundred and ninety-three percent from 1992 to 2002 according to the American... ...ese ads play to that mindset. They say that you can have your looks without spending large amounts of time or money on plastic surgery; and since we as a society have a large expendable income, we are particularly susceptible to this type of advertising ploy. We want to be able to buy as many things as we want, so we are attracted to products that can save us money while giving us what we think we need. Cosmetics also offer more rapid results than surgery, which is important in our fast-food culture. It is a promise of youth and beauty in a bottle: what every American wants. Works Cited American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2004. 20 February 2004. . Lutz, William. â€Å"With These Words, I Can Sell You Anything.† Exploring Language. Ed.Gary Goshgarian. Pearson Longman, New York: 2004, 393-406.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Fiction and Literature Outdoor Literature

â€Å"When I read great literature, great drama, speeches, or sermons, I feel that the human mind has not achieved anything greater than the ability to share feelings and thoughts through language. â€Å"- James Earl Jones The major types of literature across the world are English, Greek, Latin, Roman, African, Indian, American, French, Irish, Spain, Chinese, Italian, Japanese, Persian, Sanskrit, Nepali, Russian and Canadian literature. Literature is a well-considered form of a language that influences the minds of readers of all age.Italian Renaissance is the age of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, whereas Greece Literature mostly comprises the literature of Greek Gods and Goddesses. Romanticism of Wordsworth is the literature which is oriented towards nature and can be considered to be reverse of classicism. Today's era of Modernism and Post modernism uses artificial language based on ambiguity, satire and parody. Some authors choose long composition methods to link more than one story. Moreover, literature being a part of scientific language is also used to analyze grammar, usage, lexis and semantics. Kinds of Literature Fictional LiteratureDrama: Drama is the theatrical dialog performed on stage, it consists of 5 acts. Tragedy, comedy and melodrama are the sub types of drama. e. g William Shakespeare, an Elizabethan dramatist composed the plays Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear that are famous because of its combination of tragedy and comedy. Problem play, farce, fantasy, monologue and comedy of manners are some kinds of drama. Tragedy: It is a story of the major character who faces bad luck. Tragedy, elements of horrors and struggle usually concludes with the death of a person. The Illiad and The Odyssey by Homer are the two famous Greek tragedies.Comedy: The lead character overcomes the conflicts and overall look of the comedy is full of laughter and the issues are handled very lightly. The elements used in the comedy are romanticism, exaggeration, surprises and a comic view of life. Melodrama: Melodrama is a blend of two nouns – ‘melody' and ‘drama'. It is a musical play most popular by 1840. Uncle Tom's Cabin is one of the most popular plays describing cruelty of labor life. It has happy ending like comedy. Tragicomedy: The play that begins with serious mode but has a happy ending is tragicomedy. Prose LiteratureHistory, journalism, philosophy, fiction and fantasy writings, scientific writings, children's literature authors and writers are included in Prose Literature. Myth Myths are the fairy tales with lots of adventure, magic and it lacks scientific proof. Nursery rhymes, songs and lullabies are forms of myths that strike the interest of children. Creative and nature myth are stories of the stars and moon. Magic tales are wonderful tales of quests and fantasy. Hero myths are ideal heroes of adventure. Short story The small commercial fiction, true or imaginary, smaller than a novel is known as short st ory.Short stories are well-grouped that followed the sequence of easy and no complexity in beginning, concrete theme, some dialogs and ends with resolution. They are oral and short-lived which have gossip, joke, fable, myth, parable, hearsay and legend. Novel Novel can be based on comic, crime, detective, adventurous, romantic or political story divided into many parts. The major kinds of novels are: Allegory: The symbolic story revolves around two meanings. What the writer says directly is totally different from the conveyed meanings at the end. Political and Historical allegory are two forms of Allegory.Comedy: Satire is very common form in comedy novels and tries to focus on the facts of the society and their desires. Epistolary: The collection of letters or mails is the epistolary novels. Samuel Richardson's Pamela and Henry Fielding's Joseph Andrew are the few examples of Epistolary novels. Feminist: These types of novels are written by women writers around the world to describ e the place of women in a male dominated society. E. g Virginia Woolf's â€Å"A Room of one's Own†. Gothic: Gothic fiction is the combination of both horror and romance. Melodrama and parody were grouped in the Gothic literature in its early stages.Ironic: Ironic novels are known for excessive use of narrative technique. It is satire on the contemporary society about cultural, social and political issues. Realism: The realistic novels are based on the truths of ordinary society and their problems. It focuses on the plot, structure and the characters of the novel. Romance: Love and relationship topics are handled optimistically in the romantic novels. It originated in western countries; basically the story revolves around love affairs of main characters. Some popular sub categories of romantic novels are paranormal, erotic, suspense, multicultural and inspirational romance.Narration: In narrative style, writer becomes the third person who narrates whole story around the charac ters. Naturalism: Naturalism is based on the theory of Darwin. Picaresque: It is opposite to romance novels as it involves ideals, themes and principles that refuse the so-called prejudices of the society. Psychological: It's the psychological prospective of mind with a resolution. Satire: Satirical novels criticize the contemporary society. The most famous novels are Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726), Kingsley Amis's Lucky Jim (1954), George Orwell's Animal Farm and Randell Jarrell's Pictures from an Institution (1954).Stream of Consciousness: James Joyce's stream of consciousness is all about the thought coming up in the minds of the readers. A novel also constitutes categories on social and political aspects like proletarian, psychological, protest novel, government, didactic, materialist novel, allegorical novel, novel of engagement, naturalistic novel, Marxist novel, radical novel, revolutionary novel, anti-war novel, utopian novel, futuristic novel, anarchist novel, p roblem novel, social philosophy novel, novel of ideas, problem play and speculative novel. Folk TaleFolk Tales are traditional stories that have been creating interest since ancient times. The children and old persons like religious story, magic and superstition as well. Fable, tall tales, cumulative, trickster and proverbs are the sub categories of folk tales. Mythology or legend is the ancient religious stories of origin and human civilization such as story of Robin Hood. Types of poetry Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in the tranquility. Greek poetry is found in free verse and we have rhymes in the Persian poem. Are you wondering how to write a poem, here are the followings forms of poem?Sonnet: Sonnet is the short poem of 14 lines grouped into Shakespearean and Italian sonnets. Ballad: The poems that are on the subject matter of love and sung by the poet or group of singers as telling readers a story. Elegy: This type of poem is the lamenting of the death of a person or his near one. Elegy Written in Country Churchyard by Thomas Gray is one of the famous poems marked as sad poems of the ages. Ode: Ode is the formal and long poem serious in nature. Allegory: Allegory is the famous form of poetry and is loved by the readers because of its two symbolic meanings.One is the literal meaning and another is the deep meaning. Epic and Mock epic: Epics are the narrative poems that convey moral and culture of that period. The Odyssey and Iliad are one of the largest philosophical epics written by Samuel Butler. Rape of the Lock is the great mock epic focusing on the minor incident of cutting of a curl. Lyric: It has Greek origin that gives a melody of imagery. It is the direct appeal of a poet to the readers about any incident or historical events. Lyrics are most of the time similar to ode or sonnets in the form. Nonfiction Literature:Nonfiction Literature is opposite to fiction as it is informative and comprises the interesting f acts with analysis and illustrations. Main types of Non- fiction literature Autobiography and Biography An autobiography is the story of the author's own life. ‘Family Life at the White House' by Bill Clinton is focused on his life and achievements. ‘Wings of fire' by Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Mein kampf of Adolph Hitler are the autobiography books on real life. Essay Generally the authors' point of view about any particular topic in a detailed way is an essay.Essay has simple way of narrating the main subject; therefore they are descriptive, lengthy, subject oriented and comparative. Different types of essay: Personal essay, expository essay type, response essay, process essay, persuasive essay, argumentative essay, critical essay type, interview essay, reflective essay type, evaluation, observation essay, comparison type of essay, application essay, compare and contrast essay and narrative essay type. Literary criticism It is the critical study of a piece of literature . Here critics apply different theories, evaluation, discussion and explanation to the text or an essay to give total judgments.Plato, Aristotle, T. S. Eliot, Saussure and Frye are some of the famous critics. Travel literature It is the narration of any tour or foreign journey with the description of the events, dates, places, sights and author's views. Francis Bacon's natural philosophies in the middle of Seventeenth century is one famous example of travel literature. Diary Diaries are the incidents recorded by the author without any means of publishing them. It is the rough work of one's daily routine, happenings, memorable days or events in their life. E. g.Anne Frank's ‘Diary of a Young Girl' was published by her father in 1940s; it's a story of a girl trapped during German invade Amsterdam. Diaries consists of business letters, newsletters, weather listing. In today's world of Internet, writers write in blogs, forums, polls and social networking sites to convey their thou ghts. This also is a form of diary writing. Some profound forms of diaries are online diary, travel, sleep, tagebuch, fictional, dream and death diaries. Journal Journal is one of types of diaries that records infinite information. They are of following types:Personal: It is for personal analysis. In this journal one can write his goal, daily thoughts, events and situations. Academic: It is for students who do research or dissertation on particular subjects. Creative journals: Creative journals are the imaginative writing of a story, poem or narrative. Trade: Trade journals are used by industrial purposes where they dictate practical information. Dialectical: This journal is use by students to write on double column notebook. They can write facts, experiments, and observation on the left side and right side can be a series of thoughts and response with an end.Newspaper It is a collection of daily or weekly news of politics, sports, leisure, fashion, movies and business. Magazine Mag azines can be the current affairs or opinions well collected covering various content. Frame Narrative The psychoanalysis of human mind is present in a frame narrative. Here we find another story within the main story. Some of the popular narratives are Pegasus, Wuthering Heights, The Flying Horse, The Three Pigs, A Time to keep and the Tasha Tudor Book of Holidays. Outdoor literature Outdoor literature is the literature of adventure that gives whole exploration of an event.Exciting moments of life such as horse riding, fishing, trekking can be a part of literature. Some outdoor books are ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyer' by Mark Twain, ‘Treasure Island' by Robert Louis, ‘Voyages' by Richard Hakluyt and ‘A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush' by Eric Newby. Narrative form of Literature Today we find movies, audio and video CD's and Cassettes that present current literature in use. Digital poetry is an upcoming trend too. Comic books, cartoons, eBook and Internet games are the learning methods for children. Literature includes centuries, human nature, cultures and souls. Isn't it?

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Education in Pakistan Essay

President Asif Ali Zardari signed ‘The Right to Free and Compulsory Education Bill 2012’ into law. The bill, which sought to ensure all children between five to 1 6 years of age are provided free education. He urged provincial governments to promulgate similar legislations in their respective assemblies as well. He said the responsibility for providing free education rests with both federal and provincial governments, referring to article 25-A of the Constitution. The article 25-A of Constitution of Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory quality education to children of the age group 5 to 16 years. The federal government will now provide free textbooks and uniform s to children and ensure schools have qualified teachers. Free pre-school education, early childhood care and free medical and dental inspection will also be provided to all citizens and no child will be subjected to corporal punishment â€Å"Under the law, private schools will be required to provide free education to disadvantaged students, who will comprise 10% of each class,† Zardari said, adding that school management committees will be established to persuade parents into sending their children to schools. â€Å"We will honor our international commitments and achieve the targets set by the Education for All and Millennium Development Goals initiatives. National Educational Policy 2009 Under the 18th constitutional amendment control and management of the education sector has been devolved to the provinces. They are now responsible for the key areas of the education sector i.e. curriculum and syllabus, centers of excellence, standards of education up to intermediate level (Grade 12) and Islamic education. Planning and policy and standards of education beyond Grade 12 are covered under Federal Legislative List. All the provinces have shown their commitment to the National Education Policy 2009. The National Educational Policy (NEP) 2009 is a milestone which aims to address a number of issues including: * Quality and quantity in schools and college education * Universal primary education * Improved Early Children Education (ECE) * Improved facilities in primary schools * Converting primary schools to elementary schools * Detaching classes XI-XII from college education * Adopting a comprehensive definition of ‘free ‘education * Achieving regional and gender parity especially at elementary level the share of resources for education in both public and private sectors Accordingto the latest Pakistan Social and Living StandardsMeasurement (PSLM) Survey 2010-11, the literacyrate for the population (10 years and above) is 58percent during 2010-11,

The extensive records Essay

As technology continues to advance, computers are becoming more part of everyday life. Computers are everywhere at work, at school, and at home .Many daily activities either involve the use of or depend on information from a computer. This maybe because computers are used in almost every field and profession like education and office works to perform large number of computer application .It also the best solution for providing information and a way of communications in every individual and gives better understanding of some event s that can arouse the interest of some particular subject matter. The computerized world is a highly efficient one, which processing the big quantities of data and keeping .The extensive records will not be a problem to a post industrialized society, likewise the unreliable and slow processing and preparing student record and enrollment summary of report. At Mabitac National High School (MNHS) Mabitac, Laguna there are five hundred three students taking several year levels. The populations of the student in mentioned School are continued to grow which means also that an increase of records are handled by the Guidance Councilor. Clearly the manual system of enrollment and student record keeping are too much time consuming task. Computer can be considered as another instrument for developing a system like enrollment in every school. This can be a great help to those students, teachers and school who are handling many task from providing easier and faster access. The Problem and its Background Computer as part of the innovation in technology manifests bigger changes in world, economies, banks and other manufacturing centers flourished due to the catching power of computers in the field of education, not all school can afford to have numbers of computer to update the school manual system, which somehow caused a lot of inaccuracy and inefficiency in the data processing records, rules and regulations, profiles, and programs. The present system of Mabitac National High School is done manually such as the enrollment system, and record keeping. From the time it was started to operate, they use the manual system. Even nowadays, that they have computers, still they use it for proration of memos and letters. Mabitac National High School is a public School which is located at Brgy. Maligaya Mabitac, Laguna. And this School was started and established in the year 1970 known as Alas-as Brgy. High School. And it was found by Mrs. Lydia R. Carpio one of the famous people in Mabitac at that time .As the year fast this School became Mabitac National High School in the year 1987. Like some School, Mabitac National High School is using the old system, the manual system for enrollment. Theoretical Framework Theoretically, the main purpose of the system is to create an efficient, fast and reliable Computerized Enrollment and Permanent Record Keeping System of Mabitac National High School. A Database Management System (DBMS) consist of collection of interrelated and set of function to access the data. DBMS provides an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use in retrieving and storing information. It is also consist of programs for storing, retrieving and manipulating large amount of data. With DBMS software the user can compile huge list of data and manipulate, store and retrieve it without having touched single file cabinet of folder. Local Area Network (LAN) is a collection of interconnected computer that are separated by distance up to a few kilometers and typically used in office. Networking really helps establishment in a way of providing simultaneous process. Conceptual Framework In this study, the software that is being used DBMS and Visual Basic is window based programming language. It is the simplest and the easiest way to create an application in Microsoft Windows. Also this study is based and focuses not only on the process of enrollment in Mabitac National High school but also in other information about the school This is also aiming an effective means of processing information and retrieving data aside from being orderly used in almost all aspects in our daily lives. This Visual Basic and DBMS will serve as a powerful tool in keeping analyzing our records. And also this language is very effective, easy to use and friendly any one can adapt to this system. ProblemOutcomes/ Solution System Figure 1. The Conceptual paradigm of Computerized Enrollment and Permanent Record Keeping System of Mabitac National High School Statement of the Problem The present enrollment system of Mabitac National High School is done manually. Manually system of enrollment caused a lot of inaccuracy and efficiency in processing the record and data of the students. Too much time and effort are consumed and cannot give on time. Different Problems are as follows: 1. How to lessen the time of the students in paying their fees of Mabitac National iHHHHhhhH High School? 2. How the Mabitac National High School can manage an easy way of securing student record? 3. How to speed up the process of generating enrollment report in a short period of time? Significance of the Study The computers provide convenience to its user through the easier and faster way of transactions. Population of students in almost all-educational institution is rapidly increasing so great demand in teaching force is also becoming higher. Fortunately, today’s generation of high technology machine and tools can substitute these workers. This proposed â€Å"Computerized Enrollment and Permanent Record Keeping System of Mabitac National High School† will provide a high technology way of retrieving and managing student’s data. The study will be a great help to the following: Principal and Faculty Teachers. This study will help them to process records and keep the grades of students in a fastest and accurate way. It will help to keep and handle essential information of the students for the convenience of the students and the personnel assign to enrollment in this education institution. Students. The students can easily access and retrieval information regarding with the process of enrollment the effort and time and help to minimize the effort and time they exert. Mabitac National High School. It provides easy and fast approach in registration and enrollment. Scope and Limitation The study will be limited only to the boundaries of (Computerized Enrollment and Permanent Record Keeping System of Mabitac National High School). The researchers focused in getting relevant data including data of the students and computation of necessary fees, the system will able to print receipt and class list. It has an ability to save, record, and edit those data and important information about the students, teachers and school. The study covers the computerization of the activities, the enrollment system including student registration class list, principal’s report of total enrolment of students and receipt. Definition of Terms These terminologies were gathered by the researcher for better and clearer understanding about the study. Client. Does not share any of its resources that request a server’s content or service function. Computer. Machine capable of the following the instruction to alter data, programmable electronic device that can perform calculations and processing information. Database. Is a container to store your tables in. Enrollment. It is a process in which a student is being admitted to the institution. This includes the listing of information or data about the student and subject he/she will be enrolled. Information. Knowledge given or received of some fact or circumstances. Program. An algorithm that a computer can both follow directly and follow the translated version. Record. It is the collection of related field with information that usually pertains to only one subject. Server. A computer on a local area that is running software for controlling access to all or part of the network and its resources and shares its resources with client. System. It is a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting input and producing output in an organized transformation process. Software. It is a system utility or application program expressed in complete readable language. User. The person who uses a computer for word processing, communications, and other application. User–Friendly. A program easy to use even though an individual is not knowledgeable about the system. Visual Basic 6.0. Scripting language or programming language that is used to design the system. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The chapter states the different literature and studies that were conducted for the research to gain familiarity that are relevant and similar to the present study. Related Literature Tinn (2001) stated that the computerization responded to the call the office or any workplace to help their daily operation. Malolos et.al (2002) stated that the study of automation is important in the sense time that minimizes the time and effort normally exerted in manual process. Janes (2001) stated that computers are extremely reliable device and very powerful calculators with some great accessories applications like word processing problem for all of business activities, regardless of size, computers have three advantages over other type of office equipment that process information because computer are faster, more accurate more economical. Reyes (2005) task would be time consuming to accomplish manually and more practical with the aid of computers field in cabinet. According to Flores (2002), the automation is described simply as the substitution of machine control of human. Dioso (2001) stated that computer assist careful intelligent planning, organizing, actuating and controlling .This maybe observed from the past that they monitor production activities, solve scientific problem and help arrive in tentative answer to a multitude of involve conditions. Ralph M. Stair (1999) emphasized that the development of technology through the years have enabled us to do more with less effort. From the orientation of the light bulb to the industrial revolution and beyond, we have continuously tried to in a more efficient means of doing tasks. Lewis (2002) stated that the reason for using computers vary from person to person. Some of the computers in business are to perform accuracy, to be as productivity, to decrease bottle necks or hassles to alter cash flows or to simples elevate your status. Sybex Inc (1999) stated that visual basic provide a graphical environment in which the users usually designed the forms and control that become the building block of tour application . Visual Basic support many useful tools that will help the user more productivity. Gold Chager et al (2003) said that computer as a device for processing information knew computer plays a significant role in their lives, but few are aware of just how pervasive role is. Mane (2000) mentioned that the creation of the computer made the easier to accomplish that by doing it manually, to have the direct access on straightforward answer just monitoring record where in the needs of computer make possible for everyone to get data in a particular need. We can consider that the computer is necessary and its productive tool for individual. Gurewich (1999) stated that the database system makes the work faster for every institution. For the mere fact that instead of doing things manually, with the use of computer technology everything is done fasters. Halili, M.C.N. (2004) that man’s actions are t just involuntary movements especially when time allow to plan his next action. These responses pass through the process of reasoning and analysis. Huntchinson et.al (2001) stated that file is a collection of related records. Examples are the entire student’s courses card for Anthropology 101 or the transcript of all courses in the register’s office. Bryan (2006) emphasized the information system is a set of people, procedures and resources that collects, transforms and disseminates information in an organization to do’s ends rely on many types of information system (IS). They might include simple manual information system and informal system and also computer based information system that uses hardware, software telecommunication and other forms of information technology (IT). Sander (2002) computers are an intelligence amplifier that can free human to use their time effectively. Because a computer is a fast and accurate electronic symbol or data manipulating system that design automatically accept and store input data process and procedure output results under the direction of the stored program or instruction. Towsand (2005) stated that database is structed collection of data. The data may be about people, product events in short, any type of information is to manage the collection of data for reporting and making decision. Adamski(2007) give some advantages of database processing first economy of scale getting more information from some amount of data, sharing data balancing conflicting requirement, enforcement of standard, controlled redundancy consisting integrity security ,flexibility and responsiveness ,increase programmers productivity, improve program maintenance and data independence Perkins (1999) stated that computer has an impressive impact upon business, governmental organization; bank and all sorts of organization and on how they are operate and manage. Alcaria (2004) explained that the use of computer are continue to grow, the need for a more timely information and data processing comes on demand keeping the records of any manual operations need the application of computer because handling it manually will only be conflicting. Kroenke (2002) in the early 1970’s database processing was considered an esoteric subject of interest only to the longest corporation with the largest computer. Today, database processing is becoming an information system standard. Silberschatz (2006) in his book â€Å"Database System Concept† the goal of database system is to simplify and facilitate access to data. Ahitud et.al (2007) Mentioned that information system are more collection of hardware, software and people. They should be constructed to fit the organization’s strategy and structure so that it could easily be adapted to the information they needed. Asumbra (2002) Access to information is the best way to. In line with technology access to information within fingertips is the easier way to be equipped in the future. Hammer (2003) Said that computer could eliminate the need for copying and rearranging information, which was entered into system. They also perform mathematical computation; in short computer can eliminate most of the paper works. Microsoft Corporation (2002) Explained that computer network are collection of computer and intelligent peripheral equipment that are inter connected by telephone lines, micro wave relays and other high-speed communication links of the purpose of exchanging data and sharing equipment. Related Studies Conde (2007) in his study entitled â€Å"Network-bases Enrollment System of Paete National High School cited that the manual process of enrollment and manual handling of information and reports of the students is very laborious one. The proponents developed a network based system enrollment system to the said school to solve the huge amount of task. Garcia (2002) created the â€Å"LSPC Enrollment System†, the study can be a great help to persons concerned during the enrollment period, the registrar, instructor of the students as they retrieval necessary information when needed and lessen the burden manually browsing over enrollment slip for record purposes Saayo et.al (2008) developed the system â€Å"Network based automated Enrollment and grading system for Morong National High School. Due to increasing population of the institution, and the school currently implementing the manual system, every student spends a lot of time during enrollment period, such as paying their tuition fees a nd processing the school requirements. Valina et.al (2009) entitled â€Å"Network-based student Permanent Record keeping and Enrollment System of Balian National High School†. This System was made to lessen the time and effort exerted by both student and school employees. It is also made to give accurate reports and keep records of every students every students and for easy and fast way of enrollment. Soria et.al. (2006) constructed a system entitled â€Å"Network-based Computerized inventory System for the supply office o the LSPC main campus. With the advancement of technology, devices and machines were improve , developed and inverted to cope up with the need of new world. There are different systems designed for reliable, efficient and very useful to the user. Cabang et.al. (2003) developed the ‘computerized Students Record Monitoring System of Siniloan National High School†, Computerized Student data will be exceedingly helped to the user through continuous management of the School. It could help the registral for a less effort services in he institutions specially in updating, printing and deleting students record. Velasco (2002) Study entitled â€Å"Maulawin National High School Student Information System† cited that maintaining students, records manually is a very difficult task and time consuming. In that case, computerization system that can help and handle this data needed to speed up the process of student’s record keeping and to promote and reliability. Cura et.al. (2004) Designed system entitled â€Å"computerized inventory system of office of the supply in LSPU† is capable of handling voluminous data about the flow of item insurance and reply to the flow of items’ issuance and return in supply office Torres et.al. (2002) conducted a study that resolves around the importance computerization of student information. This study was conducted with the hope that it would help minimize time and effort in processing student’s information in Maulawin National High School. The basic feature of this study is after the storage and access of retrieving and updating the data. Alcaira (1999) Stated that the using of computer are continue to grow, the need for a more timely information and data processing comes on demand keeping the record of any manual operations need the application, because handling it manually will only be conflicting. Aravia et.al. (2002) Show the growing importance of computers in the society. The significance of the study revolves the automation of student permanent record keeping. Garnace (1999) Developed application software for the computerized information system of a commercial piggery using the concept of the database and implemented it in database. Gumitao (2001) System is designed to provide reports of the list of enrollment per school year, periodical grade of students, and list of new, old and transferees Revalla (2005) created an Automation Enrollment System for the computer Science Department of the Laguna College business and Arts. The study was conceived because of the need to update the current registration system of LCBA, which is done manually. Her study, was based on the special problem of Mr. Bonifacio E. Bacani, Jr. about â€Å"Student Record information System†. Kampitan (2000) developed an Enrollment System of Liceo De Victoria that is designed to keep the students records. This is used to provide an effective and faster of providing information of the student and also the accounting purposes’ Liceo De Victoria Enrollment was developed and implement using relational database and designed in clipper 5.3. Earlier, Encila (1999) Introduced the Enrollment System for the computer Science Department of LCBA and traders, designed of enrollment System is advantageous to the school because it speed up the process and with only a minimum amount of power and resources. Cacao (2002) designed the â€Å"Morning Star Montessori School incorporated form 137implemented in Fox Base. Solomon (2002) developed Enrollment and Record keeping System, to know how to read sign the data that is used to be kept the record files of students and also that, it could be mange more efficiently in computer with his project. Quiver (2001) developed a program using database III which capable of retrieving, access in manipulating of data in easy way. A computerized system to minimized the lost of record and burden of work was designed by Pajarillo in 2002. Monsalve and Ilagan (2005) developed a program and designed using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and Microsoft access. The system is capable of receiving access, searching items, providing adequate information and data gathering. IPizzara and Veridiano (2001) this system was done using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. This conducted system goes along the trend of computerization to be in the field of competitiveness and survive to the complicated works. Relayo (1999) this study will assist the researcher regarding to the use of database and Visual Basic. This system have been designed in order to speed up the access and retrieval information and to lessen manual effort involve in the library routine of transaction. Magalang (2003) he proposed this to developed software that will help the management of the school â€Å"lyceum’ in giving good service to its student in speeding of the process involve in monitoring account acquired during the enrollment & other payment transaction. Lazaro (2004) this study entitled â€Å"Liceo de Los Banos record monitoring system† password was created for the protection and was designed to be user-friendly by only authorized persons and to ensure security of data basic information. Lumbers (2002) stated in her study entitled â€Å"a systematic enrollment process using database system in Saint John academy. Calamba, Laguna† that the application of database system to the enrollment process will greatly increase its efficiency; automation of enrollment process will upgrade the quality of the services provided for the qualified enrollees.